Brady v Public Safety Business Agency
[2015] QCAT 90
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- Unreported Judgment
- Brady v Public Safety Business Agency[2015] QCAT 90
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Brady v Public Safety Business Agency[2015] QCAT 90
Brady v Public Safety Business Agency[2015] QCAT 90
CITATION: | Brady v Public Safety Business Agency [2015] QCAT 90 |
PARTIES: | James Peter Brady (Applicant) |
v | |
Public Safety Business Agency (Respondent) |
APPLICATION NUMBER: | CML109-14 |
MATTER TYPE: | Childrens matters |
HEARING DATE: | 19 November 2014, 19 and 20 January 2015 |
HEARD AT: | Brisbane |
DECISION OF: | Member Goodman |
DELIVERED ON: | 19 March 2015 |
DELIVERED AT: | Brisbane |
ORDERS MADE: |
|
CATCHWORDS: | Childrens matters – Blue Card – where applicant is a former high school teacher who developed inappropriate relationships with students – where applicant continues to seek to avoid contact with young people but seeks a Blue Card in order to referee sport Working with Children (Risk Management and Screening) Act 2000 Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal Act 2009 |
APPEARANCES:
APPLICANT: | Mr Brady represented himself |
RESPONDENT: | Ms Taylor appeared for the Public Safety Business Agency |
REASONS FOR DECISION
- [1]Mr Brady is a former high school teacher. He has been subject to disciplinary action by the Queensland College of Teachers prompted by him forming inappropriate relationships with students. QCAT prohibited Mr Brady from applying for registration or permission to teach until 26 November 2013 and has not reapplied at this stage. Mr Brady is currently studying and working part-time in a teaching role at a University. He is unsure whether he will teach in a school setting in the future. He has applied for a Blue Card so that he is able to referee soccer. While Mr Brady only referees senior games there are, from time to time, players who are under 18 years of age playing in the senior games.
- [2]Mr Brady previously held a Blue Card. On 9 December 2011 he was issued with a negative notice (essentially, the Blue Card was withdrawn) in the circumstances discussed below. Mr Brady seeks a return of the Blue Card. The Agency contends that this is an exceptional case in which it would not be in the best interests of children for Mr Brady to be issued with a positive notice and Blue Card.[1]
- [3]Mr Brady has not been convicted of a “disqualifying” or “serious” offence. He will receive a positive notice (and therefore a Blue Card) unless I am satisfied that this is an exceptional case in which it would not be in the best interests of children to issue a positive notice.[2] My decision is on the balance of probabilities. The paramount considerations are the welfare and best interests of a child, and a child’s entitlement to be cared for in a way that protects the child from harm and promotes the child’s wellbeing.[3]
- [4]In reviewing the decision I must make the correct and preferable decision.[4] Neither party bears the onus of proving that an exceptional case exists.
- [5]Mr Brady was charged with, but not convicted of, one count of rape and five counts of indecent treatment of a child under the age of 16 years. Mr Brady was 23 or 24 years old at the time of the alleged offences. It was alleged that he entered into a bet with one of his students (“A”) and when she lost the bet by self-harming, she was required to perform oral sex on him. This was said to have occurred on more than one occasion. Mr Brady has always denied the allegations. He was not convicted. On the evidence before me I cannot find that Mr Brady in fact entered into a sexual relationship with student A, and I will proceed to make this decision on that basis.
- [6]Other concerns arise: Mr Brady’s unprofessional relationship with student A; Mr Brady’s unprofessional relationship with student B; Mr Brady’s conduct in the classroom while employed as a teacher; Mr Brady’s continuing difficulties in interpersonal relationships and avoidance of contact with adolescents and young adults.
MR BRADY’S RELATIONSHIP WITH STUDENT A (2006)
- [7]Student A was 15 years old and was taught and tutored by Mr Brady. During tutoring sessions they discussed personal matters and Mr Brady gave A a story he had written which purported to be autobiographical and included references to a character using a knife to slit his wrists.
- [8]Mr Brady says that:
- A disclosed that she was self-harming and he felt compelled to try to help her.
- The school was not doing all that it could to help A despite him making efforts to have the issue dealt with through appropriate channels.
- He intended to form a friendship with A but their relationship far exceeded what was appropriate in the circumstances. In particular, they exchanged notes during and outside of class time and met outside of school hours. They shared “inside jokes” and texted each other.
- He provided A with his mobile telephone number after she disclosed she was feeling suicidal and refused to speak to Kids Helpline or other supportive professional persons and agencies. They texted each other for some 3 – 4 months. He did not ever exchange sexually explicit messages with A.
- He entered into a bet with A that if she continued to self-harm she would have to buy him Red Rooster, and if she stopped, he would buy her Red Rooster. It was for this reason that they would call out numbers to each other at school (A alleged to the police that the numbers called out referred to the number of sexual acts that she “owed” him).
- Over the September holidays he changed mobile numbers twice so as to discontinue the text contact with A as she was trying to push the relationship in a direction he did not want it to go. After that, if she gave him a note he tore it up in front of her and kept referring her to the school counsellor. (I note that time period coincides with the time that he and child B became increasingly intimate.)
- [9]I have seen some of the notes written by Mr Brady and A. It is not clear whether the notes written by A were ever delivered to Mr Brady but they do provide an indication of her feelings towards him. She writes, for example ‘I need you more than ever…If I killed myself, what would you say, think and do?’ Another letter ends ‘I love you!! I wish I could tell you’.
- [10]Mr Brady’s letters to A are romantic and at times quite juvenile. He writes:
Do not worry about burdening me with your problems. They are nothing for me to be able to help you….don’t be worried about my problems and definitely do not be afraid to let me help you…you can talk to me at anytime you feel you need to…
Mr Brady signs off with a J as a smiley face.
Well, if you read my letter “at least 100 times” it says one of two things: 1. I can still hold an audience (which is good) or 2. My writing is getting worse (which I am not surprised by, and I find it entertaining). I have no idea why what I said would be upsetting, so you will have to explain that to me….As for being saved by a Hero: Well, I will never be a hero because I am too much of a monster for that. And I never want to be a hero – they get people killed. By the way: You’ve got nothing and I am such a better smart arse than you. My comebacks are just way too good!...Do not fear or worry A, for you can tell me anything at anytime and I will stand with you to be counted as your friend. Don’t be afraid to cry on my shoulder, as that is one of the things a friend is for. Don’t be afraid to talk to me as I do not judge…
- [11]I have also seen hard copies of emails sent between Mr Brady’s email address and A’s email address after he left the school. They contain quite graphic descriptions of sexual acts. Mr Brady denies sending them, saying that A had access to his email account and that he believes that she constructed the email trail to assist in the prosecution of the criminal charges. The emails are of a different character to the letters. They are highly sexualised. On balance, I am unable to find that Mr Brady sent the emails (although, equally, I cannot say that he did not). The email exchange has not been taken into account in this decision.
- [12]Further, there is some discussion in the material about an exchange of text messages containing graphic sexual content. Once again Mr Brady denies sending the texts or being involved in such a conversation with A. The text exchange has not been taken into account in this decision.
MR BRADY’S RELATIONSHIP WITH STUDENT B (2006)
- [13]B was 16 and a student at Mr Brady’s school. In addition, Mr Brady supervised B during her traineeship as a lab technician which involved work during and after school hours. After concerns were raised regarding their relationship, B’s mother supervised their time together in the science lab afterschool.
- [14]During her time as a trainee, Mr Brady shared with B details of his medical condition (depression) and discussed his former girlfriend. She says that he gave her a USB for her birthday. I have been provided with copies of letters from B to Mr Brady. B writes:
My Dearest, it was so good to see you today. When I looked up and saw your face my heart skipped a beat and I couldn’t help but feel this sudden urge of happiness. I could barely keep the smile off my face, even after you had gone. I couldn’t keep my mind off you all day…For the rest of the day I have thought of nothing but you….Yours forever
- [15]On 4 October 2006 B writes ‘James, I know I shouldn’t be doing this but I can’t help it. I have to find some way to tell you that I miss you, I love you and I need you…’.
- [16]At around the same time (August/September 2006) Mr Brady and B kissed. She says in a statement given to police ‘I do not remember the exact number of times this happened, a few times, but I know it was regularly, at least once a week…This would take place in the lab…’.
- [17]Mr Brady says that he found solace in his relationship with B. He says that she believed herself to be in love with him and that they ‘had something’. He says ‘I believed it too at that stage’. At the time he couldn’t understand why the relationship was seen as inappropriate. He says that he is now horrified by what happened. He says that he made some terrible decisions and is solely to blame for what occurred.
- [18]After Mr Brady left the school he and B maintained contact. In a letter to the Commissioner for Children and Young People and Child Guardian (as it then was) on 1 November 2011 Mr Brady writes ‘I have maintained a close friendship with B for the past 5 years…’. Although in a letter to QCAT dated 17 July 2014 Mr Brady writes ‘…we have maintained a loose friendship’.
- [19]In relation to student A and student B, Mr Brady behaved in an unprofessional and self indulgent manner. He formed emotionally intimate relationships with young girls who were his students and clearly believed themselves to be in love with him. His actions caused distress to himself, the students, and the wider school community including other students who found themselves caught up in the investigation. His behaviour persisted notwithstanding meetings with his Principal and Deputy Principal advising him that it must stop. Mr Brady says that he is now horrified by the harm his actions caused. He says that the choices that he made were fundamentally wrong and that he should have known that even without formal training. He says that he has now received professional training regarding the setting and maintaining of boundaries and will never put himself in a similar situation.
MR BRADY’S CONDUCT AS A TEACHER
- [20]Numerous students report that while teaching 15 and 16 year old students, Mr Brady allowed swearing in class, and swore himself. A number of students reported that he used sexually explicit words in the classroom, beyond what would be expected in a science/reproduction lesson. Students stated, for example, that he advised a student to make their resume ‘fucking good’ so that it would give the reader an ‘orgasm’; that he told a student who had smelt a flower ‘you just gave it oral sex’; that he discussed suicide and how to hang yourself in class, that he called students ‘wankers’. The Queensland College of Teachers investigation found that Mr Brady admitted the substance of the allegations but stated that the comments had been exaggerated. While employed as a teacher, Mr Brady was referred to a document outlining the expectations of teacher conduct and had ongoing discussions and correspondence with the Principal/ Deputy Principal regarding his conduct.
- [21]Mr Brady ultimately lost his job as a teacher and QCAT determined that Mr Brady was not suitable to work in a child-related field and was prohibited from applying for registration or permission to teach for 3 years.[5] During the previous QCAT proceedings Mr Brady admitted using inappropriate sexual remarks in class, not complying with non-contact directives given by the Principal and/or Deputy Principal, not complying with directives given by the Principal and Deputy Principal about his professional conduct and breaching policies of his employer and professional registration authority. QCAT’s decision is published and available to the parties and it is unnecessary to revisit it in detail here.
- [22]Mr Brady states in this application that it is relevant that he can teach again as his period of prohibition has expired. While I accept that the time period has expired, that means only that he is able to apply to teach again. The likely outcome of such an application is outside of the scope of this decision.
MR BRADY’S MENTAL STATE
- [23]In a letter to the CCYPCG on 10 February 2014 Mr Brady states that at the time of his inappropriate behaviour he had experienced the breakdown of a long term relationship, which in turn affected his depression, he was taking medication for depression ‘which is known to interfere with higher order functions within the brain, such a inhibition’, the school environment was one of bullying and harassment ‘This toxic culture contributed to my depression…I was isolated from my peers (other teachers), lonely and depressed, which left me vulnerable to poor decisions in relation to the professionalism of my relationships with my students. Although this is no excuse for my conduct, it does explain how I put myself in a position where inappropriate relationships with students could have occurred’. Mr Brady states that he flourished after moving to a more supportive school environment.
- [24]Mr Brady states that the allegations made by A and the cancellation of the Blue Card have caused him to develop an anxiety disorder when around people potentially under the age of 18. The anxiety has been so severe that he has experienced panic attacks and caused injuries to himself. Additionally, he developed a Depressive Disorder which required treatment by his treating psychologist, Dr Tindle. He receives ongoing treatment for insomnia.
- [25]Mr Brady says that he has put in place strategies to make sure that he can never be accused of acting inappropriately. He says that he is never alone with a student, a colleague or even a random person on the street. He rarely spends one on one time with friends. He does spend some time alone with siblings but never with his nephew or niece because of his anxiety or fear that he will be accused of being a ‘predator’. He says that he sometimes feels ok with being alone with his fiancée. He is working with his psychologist Dr Tindle to beat his anxiety disorder, which manifests particularly when alone with younger people. He estimates that he has not experienced a panic attack since approximately May 2014.
- [26]Mr Brady wants to work towards a point where he is comfortable being alone with others.
- [27]Mr Brady states that he has developed strategies to ensure that no further allegations are made against him, including:
- Not sharing personal contact information with students;
- Never being alone with a student;
- Referring on any student welfare concerns to guidance officers;
- Keeping a paper and electronic record of interactions with students;
- Discussing with other staff how to improve and maintain professional boundaries.
- [28]In a letter dated 17 July 2014 Mr Brady states:
I have also developed a serious anxiety disorder when I am around children, so much so that I am not comfortable being around my niece and nephew and have actively refused to babysit them on numerous occasions. This anxiety has also lead to me having panic attacks in places like restaurants and shopping centres and I am not comfortable going out very often. Thankfully, my partner… has learnt to recognise when a panic attack is starting and is usually able to get me somewhere safe before I completely break down. I know that I have to deal with this for the rest of my life and it worries me. I have also developed serious insomnia…I am prone to serious nightmares…
- [29]At the hearing Mr Brady stated that anxiety is sometimes a problem for him. He says that he is working hard with a cognitive therapy plan developed by Dr Tindle. As part of the plan he puts himself in positions where he needs to interact with young people – he has demonstrated in the laboratory for a group of students and walked through the city when people are around, including young people. He continues to find it very hard to be around teenagers and would be extremely uncomfortable in a room alone with a teenage girl – he would leave a door open or meet in a public place or would leave the room. He feels ‘really concerned’ if he can’t avoid being alone with someone although he says that his anxiety has improved.
- [30]Mr Brady states that he is not yet comfortable and confident in dealing with children and young people. He thinks he is ‘most of the way’ and believes he is not far off being able to teach in a high school environment. He believes he would not be a risk to his students and is considering reapplying to be registered as a teacher.
- [31]Mr Brady’s treating psychologist Dr Elizabeth Tindle states:
- She has been seeing him on an ad hoc basis for a number of years.
- He should be given a Blue Card so that he can referee soccer ‘for his own peace of mind and mental health’.
- Mr Brady has experienced significant stress in dealing with the charges, particularly in causing anxiety and insomnia, and that he has received counselling for this.
- Mr Brady has always presented as a pleasant, personable young man who is managing his life in the most balanced way he can. The approval of a Blue Card would signify the end of a terrible chapter in his life. Neither she nor her colleagues have detected any abnormal behaviour in Mr Brady. They find him to be a pleasant and well liked member of campus.
- Once the ‘dark cloud’ of the negative notice is removed, Mr Brady will recover and do well. The opportunity to become further involved in soccer will be very healing for him and then ‘he will be fine’.
- [32]Elana Carr, psychologist, provided written and oral evidence following a four hour interview with Mr Brady on 2 October 2014. Ms Carr states:
- Mr Brady showed no signs of psychotic symptoms or pervasive mood disorder. He displayed adequate insight into his inappropriate behaviour while employed as a secondary school teacher.
- Mr Brady’s judgement about his actions and the consequences appeared reasonable. Mr Brady was anxious, ashamed and embarrassed by his behaviour. He currently has a high level of insight into his behaviour.
- Mr Brady reported a positive childhood and a small group of friends during high school, stating that he did not like “people” as an adolescent and preferred to keep to himself.
- After moving out of home aged 23 to teach in a regional centre he missed his parents and had difficulty coping with the breakdown of a long-term romantic relationship. He felt overwhelmed with his role but felt he was supported by the Principal to increase his confidence.
- After a year he transferred to a school where the work culture was “toxic”, the staff were “clicky” and the students “malicious”. It is at this school that the behaviour of concern arose.
- From April – December 2007 Mr Brady worked in another school in another town and enjoyed the job and felt supported by the Principal. In 2008 he began a new job at another school but was stood down when the allegations were made. He returned to university to commence postgraduate study in August 2008. He works casually at the university teaching first year students, and is completing a PhD. He also works part-time as a researcher. He loves his current job and says that he gets along well with his peers and has an excellent relationship with his supervisor.
- He lives with his parents, who frequently travel, and youngest brother. He is not close to his siblings.
- Mr Brady has demonstrated a capacity to establish and maintain employment, and to undertake educational pursuits, though he has demonstrated problems in employment: difficulties in interpersonal relationships, struggling to build appropriate peer relationships and an adequate social support system.
- Mr Brady is currently engaged to his long term partner of some 5 years.
- Mr Brady’s sexual behaviour is appropriate in his current circumstances.
- Mr Brady had been diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder by his GP in 2005 and took antidepressant medication for approximately one year. He took part in counselling with psychologists in 2006.
- He attempted suicide by cutting his wrist with a knife in 2005 (and was admitted to the psychiatric ward of his local hospital for assessment and treatment) and by drinking acid in the school laboratory in 2006.
- His treating psychologist Dr Tindle diagnosed him with Anxiety in 2008 during a period he was experiencing panic attacks. He experienced a depressive episode in 2011.
- He has engaged in cognitive-behavioural therapy with Dr Tindle on an ad-hoc basis since 2008 and has learnt techniques to manage his anxiety more effectively. He is not currently engaged in regular psychotherapy.
- There is no history of drug and alcohol abuse.
- There is no evidence of any criminal history or complaints, allegations or charges apart from those arising out of his conduct while employed as a teacher in 2006 – 2007. He has behaved pro-socially since the time of the allegations.
- Mr Brady is prescribed medication to assist him with sleeping and described anxiety when in the company of young people aged mid-adolescence – early 20s. He has the ability to problem solve and plan to address anxiety that could arise in particular situations.
- Given that Mr Brady’s past inappropriate behaviour occurred in the context of social isolation, depression, poor coping and difficulty establishing friendships with same-age peers, it is important that he aims to increase his social network and to continue to foster his current age-appropriate friendships and support network.
- Identified protective factors include stable employment, skills to regulate and manage attitudes and impulsivity, engagement in pro-social activities, demonstrated capacity to maintain intimate relationships, ongoing relationships with family members who are aware of his past history and an increased wariness and concern for future allegations.
- [33]In determining whether this is an exceptional case I will weigh up the protective and risk factors.
- [34]PROTECTIVE FACTORS
- Mr Brady acknowledges that he failed to protect children under his care. He says that at the time he did not accept advice that his behaviour was inappropriate due to being young and stupid. He now accepts his behaviour was inappropriate, that concerns raised by his Principal and Deputy Principal were valid, and that the course of action taken by the school was justified.
- Mr Brady deeply regrets his actions. He has suffered professionally and personally as a result of his behaviour and is highly motivated to avoid any further allegations. He states that he is determined to recognise and maintain boundaries with children and young people. He describes his behaviour in 2006/2007 as out of character.
- He has stable employment and no current mental health diagnosis. He actively seeks professional assistance to manage his mental health when he feels he needs it.
- Mr Brady attended a professional development course to give him the skills to avoid repeating his behaviour. He says that since 2007 he has not had any contact with any students outside of school hours except if another adult was present.
- Mr Brady has been professionally assessed as having a low risk for future sexual offending.
- There is no evidence of further inappropriate behaviour since 2006/2007. Colleagues (at university and in the soccer field), friends, and family members have provided letters of reference indicating that they have observed Mr Brady to act appropriately and professionally at all times. The administrator of soccer referees supports the granting of a Blue Card stating that in the approximately 8 years Mr Brady has been with them ‘we have never received a complaint about his performances or conduct’.
- Mr Brady has the support of his friend and mentor Dr Martins who describes him as ‘thoughtful and compassionate’. He states
I have always known James to act in a professional manner in all aspects of his life. As such I cannot imagine and have not seen an indication of any type of behaviour which would indicate anything contrary to this. He has always been a positive influence on, and is well received by, my research group and the undergraduate students he teaches. Some of these undergraduate students are under the age of 18 so I have witnessed first-hand that James acts in a professional manner with children.”
Dr Martins has no doubt that Mr Brady is able to safeguard the best interests of children.
- Mr Brady has identified 2 friends and has the support of his fiancée and his family although he says that the family is not close-knit.
- [35]RISK FACTORS
- When previously employed in the regulated and supervised role of a high school teacher Mr Brady did not act protectively or appropriately. He engaged in intimate personal relationships with two different students, one of whom he says he knew was experiencing poor mental health. He demonstrated an inability to recognise and put in place appropriate child protective behaviour in his interactions with young people when placed in a position of authority.
- The behaviour was over almost a 12 months period and persisted notwithstanding discussions with Mr Brady’s Principal and Deputy Principal, and even following directions to stop. He ignored advice and directions to change his behaviour.
- While Mr Brady’s conduct as a soccer referee has not been the subject of any complaints, a Blue Card would allow him to work unsupervised in any child related field.
- Mr Brady is not comfortable interacting with children or adolescents. He says he feels worried that he might be falsely accused again. His identified strategies of never being alone with a child, or only interacting with children in a public place are inadequate for a Blue Cardholder. A holder of a Blue Card must be able to demonstrate sufficient skills to interact maturely and appropriately with children with whom he or she is in contact. A Blue Cardholder must act protectively and maintain appropriate boundaries while having unfettered access to children and young people and must be able to put the interests of children ahead of his own interests.
- [36]Mr Brady submits that he should be granted a Blue Card following the precedent set in a previous QCAT decision involving Mr Bond, a dance teacher who formed an inappropriate relationship with a student.[6] While the matters are somewhat similar, they are also significantly different. Mr Bond had not ignored suggestions and directions from his employer to desist from his behaviour, and Mr Bond’s behaviour did not persist for almost a year. At the time of the hearing Mr Bond had found alternative full time employment outside of his area of expertise and applied himself to getting on with his life. He had demonstrated an ability to manage appropriate relationships with adolescents.
- [37]Mr Brady is not yet comfortable and confident around young people. He says, in fact, that he tries to avoid almost all interactions with people on a one on one basis. He has limited social support. I do not criticise him for that but it is evidence that I must take into account. I cannot find that Mr Brady is, like Mr Bond was, a ‘mature and considered young man’. Mr Brady’s concern about being once again accused of criminal behaviour impacts on his day to day life and on his interactions with young people.
- [38]It appears that Mr Brady is working on his interpersonal skills and widening his support network. Mr Brady submits that he has matured from a socially isolated, immature 24 year old with anxiety and depression to a much more mature 33 year old who had demonstrated significant insight into his behaviour, who has addressed his anxiety and depressive disorders in a positive manner and who has put in place simple and robust measures to prevent any recurrence of his previous behaviour. I am not satisfied, however, that Mr Brady has yet achieved what Mr Bond called a ‘proper life’ – a mature and confident outlook on life, an established career and a secure, strong group of friends his own age, and a demonstrated ability to interact appropriately, protectively, comfortably and confidently with children.
- [39]In this case, the identified protective factors do not mitigate the identified risk factors. I am satisfied that this is an exceptional case in which it would not be in the best interests of children to issue a Blue Card.
- [40]I accept the evidence that being able to referee soccer without limitations would be good for Mr Brady. That is not a factor that I can take into account. A Blue Card is not a therapeutic tool. Any hardship or prejudice suffered by Mr Brady due to the refusal of a Blue Card is irrelevant to my consideration.[7]
- [41]Mr Brady has demonstrated completely unacceptable behaviour. His behaviour during 2006 caused harm. He has paid a high price but so have the students involved.
- [42]The passage of time is not, in itself, sufficient to detract from the seriousness of his behaviour.[8] He has been through a traumatic experience (being charged and standing trial for a terrible crime) and has not yet recovered from this history. He continues to avoid contact with people, and in particular with adolescents and young people. The holder of a Blue Card must, among other things, be able to demonstrate a current capacity to act protectively and appropriately around children and young people. Mr Brady does not currently have that capacity. Quite the opposite – he says that he actively avoids contact with children and young people unless it is absolutely necessary and then interactions are strained. Blue Cardholders are not necessarily supervised and must act independently to protect children.
- [43]The negative notice will not be overturned at this stage.
NONPUBLICATION OF IDENTIFYING INFORMATION
- [44]I may make an order prohibiting the publication of certain information.[9] I am satisfied that it is appropriate to make an order that the names of the children involved in this matter are not published. Further, the name and address of the school attended by the students will not be published.
- [45]Mr Brady’s name has already been published by this Tribunal and a non-publication order in relation to his name would be fruitless.
Footnotes
[1] Working with Children (Risk Management and Screening) Act 2000 s 221. Section 228 prescribes factors I must have regard to in a case where disciplinary information exists.
[2] Ibid s 221.
[3] Ibid ss 6, 30.
[4] Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal Act 2009.
[5] Queensland College of Teachers v Brady [2011] QCAT 464.
[6] Bond v Commissioner for Children and Young People and Child Guardian [2013] QCAT 725.
[7] AX v Commissioner for Children and Young People and Child Guardian (No 2) [2012] QCATA 248.
[8] See Volkers v Commissioner for Children and Young People and Child Guardian [2010] QCAT 243.
[9] QCAT Act s 66.